U.S. Vulnerabilities
in Science
Methodology
A new reference-based classification system has been generated using the Scopus database. Over 2.1 million highly cited references, and over 5.6 million articles (2003-2007) that cite these references, have been assigned to over 80,000 categories (called paradigms) using co-citation methods.
Accuracy
Our new method requires that the same literature is first clustered using co-citation analysis into over 80,000 paradigms. These paradigms are then clustered further, based only on the publication activity in that nation. Nation-specific clusters were excluded if they did not meet the same criteria of size (at least 1000 papers) for leadership.
Coding
We focused on three types of leadership. The most common measure is publication leadership (PUB), reference leadership (REF), and perhaps most important, is state of the art leadership (SOA).
The intensity of color (red for the US, blue for the 12 nations) is an indication of:
